Definitions of Thesis Dissertation

Definitions of Thesis Dissertation The Nuiances of Thesis Dissertation Your dissertation topic has to be interesting. Colleges and universities frequently have a book or brochure that gives information on the necessary format of all theses and dissertations. When you have written and edited your thesis or dissertation, you ought to find an editor. When you are in need of a dissertation or thesis, select the most trusted, custom-writing service in the business to aid you. If your department doesn't have a Thesis Format Advisor and you get a specific formatting question, please don't hesitate to email us. If dissertation service provider isn't certified then quality level can be quite poor. Be relax while giving your exams and you'll be having a whole lot of time to work on your undertaking. You ought to check whether the business is genuine or not and its history of offering online aid. If you must monitor back your investigation initiatives, organization right from the start can help make the process not as unpleasant. There are lots of internet service providers offered but not all them are reliable. It is advisable to get services from renowned providers. Some programs provide course-work only curriculums. Other programs will search for samples that relate to the subfield that you want to study and to their program's focus or vision for design. When you search PDF on the internet, it may also be daunting without the assistance of a search engine. Our ultimate purpose is to supply a centralized location for deadlines, resources, forms and submission links to make certain you have the ability to navigate the procedure efficiently. Take your time to make sure you have all the information to properly cite the source. You should pick a topic which can be completed within a two-year time period. Thesis Dissertation for Dummies You may have heard that doctorate and elongated essays are the exact same. You ought not begin a thesis or dissertation till you finish your exams. A dissertation a p art of a broader post-graduate research undertaking. Many universities think that there's no difference between thesis and dissertation. Dissertation and thesis are thought to be same in many universities. It helps a student to get scholarships while the case is indifferent in case of dissertation writing. Generally in the usa, a thesis is the last project for those masters degree and a dissertation results in a doctoral level. It is basically the requirement for Master's degree while dissertation is the basic requirement to acquire the degree of doctorate. Besides concentration, report writing is a rather time consuming job. Narrowing the true research question is going to be accomplished with your dissertation adviser and perhaps your committee since they will understand what data you're able to access. Dissertation services offer a remedy to their problem. If you're in an MS program requiring a thesis, or inside a Ph.D. program, there are lots of further actions to take before you may graduate. What's Really Going on with Thesis Dissertation A doctoral dissertation also includes the extra requirement of a defense. Your job as a graduate student is to continue to keep your advisor apprised of what you're doing. Graduate students who select the thesisor dissertation choice for their culminating experience must complete the next steps on the path to graduation. By now you need to have requested a degree audit to be accomplished by COGS staff to understand precisely what you still will need to do. Public transportation is dependable and inexpnesive. Student life will be quite busy for everybody. Students should monitor their progress closely and make sure that all submission deadline dates are satisfied to be able to graduate throughout that quarter. The university doesn't endorse or recommend any particular printing support. A Startling Fact about Thesis Dissertation Uncovered A manuscript review and submission appointment must be made prior to the deadline. A thesis or dissertation isn't the kind of document that piques the overall public's interest mainly due to its academic rigor and writing style. If you have to have noticed that the all-inclusive definition of both the sorts of writing, thesis vs. lengthy essay is comparable. Writing a dissertation improves your subject understanding, since you must provide an in depth thought of a topic to the readers. The Key to Successful Thesis Dissertation Thesis or report writing wants a lot of focus and concentration. M ethodology Introduce the general methodological approach for each issue or question. Additional if you know you're only likely to need to dedicate a small quantity of time when you sit down, the task won't seem so daunting, and you'll be less inclined to procrastinate.

Marketing Strategy Word Of Mouth Marketing - 2237 Words

One marketing strategy that is necessary and essential for all businesses is called, word of mouth marketing. Word of mouth marketing normally happens when a customer shares information or reference about a company or product to another person. This marketing strategy begins internally and from there, it spreads. In addition, word of mouth has a powerful and extensive manner of dispersing. In this present world, life is flourishing with new adventures and challenges that have generated a desire to act, be different, and have success. This has led young men and women to go search for that treasure that is hidden to them and become part of the successful generation that has been revolutionizing gradually. As a result, most of the people have come to notice the immense success that there is behind a career that becomes part of the entrepreneurial era. Therefore, the innovative minds have gone into action, have begun to startup businesses, and develop inventions that lead them to where t hey aspire to be. However, some of them do not realize that obstacles come and that they will need marketing strategies to drive their business. Therefore, it is extremely important to be aware of how the word of mouth strategy is presently affecting the business. If those reviews and comments are not positive, the impact that the business will see financially is critical. Word of Mouth Marketing Essentials Introduction New business entrepreneurs do not have much knowledge nor experience whenShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Starbucks866 Words   |  4 Pages the word-of-mouth marketing has been the key and a valuable point for companies to promote their business. â€Å"Word-of-mouth (WOM) has a powerful influence on people decision to use (or avoid using) a service† (Wirtz, Chew, Lovelock, 2012). 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Information Technology Cengage Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Information Technology Cengage Management? Answer: Introduction The background of the project plan states to organize a project management plan for the AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management). Australian Institute of Project Management decides to organize a national conference on October 2017 (Too and Weaver 2014). The AIPM is generally a professional association, which represents Project Managements interest to establish as profession across disciplines and all sectors. The main focus of AIPM is to maintain the reputation of the profession of Project Management as philosophy, organize different training courses, share useful information to all the members of the association, and also to uphold the industry recognizing the accreditation standards (Heagney 2016). Firstly, a regional conference was set up, and because of its successfulness, the directors of AIPM has decided to organize a national conference in October 2017, for which they want an organized Project Management Planning. The main objective of this project is To create a project management plan for the national conference that that decided by the Board of Directors of AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management). The national conference is to be held in the month of October 2017 (Chen, Kang and Lee 2017). There is no such capability for AIPM to organize such a big event. So, this project is being made to give AIPM an organized Project Plan for the successful completion of the national conference. The success criterion of the project is to complete the event of organizing the national conference with the budget estimated and to complete all the phases of the project plan within the scheduled time. For having a success on the project, the project has to be defined clearly, all the phases of project are to be mentioned clearly in the project plan (Patterson 2017). The achievement of the project plan is mainly to execute the event without any issue. If the national conference for AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management) is completed successfully within the scheduled budget and time, that will be considered as the achievement of the project. The scope of the project is to organize the project budget, have a scheduled time for completion of the project, and organize the stakeholders of the project (Walker 2015). The plan of this project is to have a clear plan of the project including all the internal and external stakeholders analysis, budget planning of the event, and time needed to complete the project. There are many roles that are to be fulfilled while making a project plan. The project manager of the team generally tackles the objective and the scope of the project. The project manager provides a framework to all the activities of the project and also has to identify the resources involved in the project. The project manager does not control all its team members directly (Kerzner and Kerzner 20117). The project manager has a team leader who controls all the team members. The role of team leader is also considered as a key role in project management. sponsors are also considered to be a key role in the project management. The sponsor provides the necessary resources that will be needed to execute the project. The governance of the project is the AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management). The project is given by AIPM and the tasks that are involved in the project are to be approved by Board of Directors of AIPM (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). Governance is generally known as the framework that is done within the project. The framework of decision making is logical, repeatable, and robust. The internal resources of the project are the project manager, event co-ordinator, team leader, publishing manager, advertisement HR, and analyst. For completing the project, many internal resources are required by company. If the project execution is not working according to the project plan that is made, then the internal resources of the company has to work more on that. To compensate with the time, the project manager, team leader, event co-ordinator has to work more hours a day than it is scheduled (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The manager has to follow the process of delegation that is, instead of making one team member work for 4 hours extra, he should have suggested 4 people to work 1 hour extra. The last but not the least that internal resources should follow is working harder. All the people involved with the project should work hard to make the project successful within the estimated time period. The external resources are the personnel, materials, services, and the equipments that are needed for successful completion of the project. The external resources that are available with the project team are the promotional cost, contractors, rent of the revenue, items that are needed for the decoration, chairs, money for food, beverages, plates, expenses for speaker, light, and camera (Marcelino-Sdaba et al. 2016). All the resources are required to complete the project. In some cases, it is not possible for the project manager to give all the personnel for completing the task. If the team members are not able to meet the requirement of the project, then contracts are given to different sections who has the capability to complete the task. The contractors are only available for some specific time and do not remain in the project for the whole life cycle of the project. Sometimes, external resources like contractors can also give low quality of work. Additional equipments are also req uired by the project. Internal stakeholders are individuals or those groups of people who work within the project. The project manager, the Board of Directors of AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management), the team leader, event co-ordinator, advertisement HR, publishing manager, analyst, food supplier, and all the people who affect directly to completion of the project are the internal resources of the project (Snyder 2014). Internal stakeholders are the most important part of the project because the success of the project is judged by the satisfaction of the stakeholders only. There should be engagement with the internal stakeholders in every project. This is because employees that are highly engaged mostly goes beyond the compliance of the expectation of the organization. The external stakeholders of the project are those who contribute their views directly for the project that is being planned. External stakeholders also share their experience regarding the project plan and the issues they faced after execution of the project plan. The external stakeholders of the project that is planned for AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management) are the audiences or the guests who come for the national conference at the day if event (Turner 2016). The external stakeholder may also consists of the local authority of the area the project is executed. Media also comes under the external stakeholders. The communication of the project means all the information related to the project, feedback from the guests. The analyst who is involved in this project does the communication. The analyst is a person who creates a communication between the project manager to whom the responsibility is given to handle the project and the Board of Directors who has given the responsibility to the manager of the project (Kelley et al. 2016). The analyst also take feedback from the audiences or the guest who comes from the event and notes down the issues that the guests faced while attending the conference. After collecting the feedback, it is the duty of the analyst to give the feedback to the project manger so that he can improve his defaults. The project is approached by making a detailed project plan. To complete the project successfully, detailed project plan is to be made. The project id firstly approached by initiating the project in which there is requirement analysis, initiation plan, the documents that are related, make the agreement between the project manager and the Board of Directors, and finally after signing in the project agreement, the initiating plan is completed. Secondly, comes the planning phase which is the next approach towards completing the project. The planning phase sets a methodology by which the project is to be solved, then set a outline of the project (Stark 2015). Planning involves selecting a venue where the conference is to be held, then review the plan until now that is being made. The plan that is proposed is to be approved by the project manager and the Board of Directors, and after the approval finally working of the project starts. Then comes the execution phase. In execution phase, th e advertisement is made for the conference and invitations are sent to all the guests who are invited for the conference. The venue is confirmed at which the event was to occur. Acknowledgement from the guests are taken who is going to come in the conference. The seating arrangements are to be done accordingly. There is also an arrangements for food and beverages in the execution phase while the event is on process. arrangements for lights, camera and speakers is also done and finally the execution of the event takes place which results in successful approach of the project. There are project risks at the time of executing the project. The project risks may occur if the light, camera or speaker does not work well at the time of conference. There is also risks that the contractor who has the duty to deliver the food and beverages comes late or may also give bad quality of food for some reasons (Schwalbe 2015). This can be controlled by ensuring that the contractor will not fail, and having a rehearsal before the final conference day for checking all the lights, camera and speaker that is to work well at the final day. The project is being controlled by the project manager by executing and monitoring at all the phases that is being planned in project planning (Heldman 2018). After execution of each tasks in the execution plan, the tasks is to be rechecked and after executing each task successfully, the next activity of the execution is executed by the project manager. The procurement activities are planned according to the project plan budget and the time to execute those activities. The procurement budget of this event plan is 45 days. The 45 days planning is divided into four phases and the execution of the plan life cycle is carried out accordingly (Leach 2014). The project manager, event co-ordinator, and the team leader is mainly responsible for making and maintaining the procurement plan. The project is to be implemented by executing all the phases properly. Making a good project plan by getting the approval of the Board of Directors of AIPM (Australian Institute of Project Management) can lead to successful implementation of the project. References Chen, H.H., Kang, H.Y. and Lee, A.H., 2017. A Project Management Plan to Reach Sustainable Competitive Advantage for a Photovoltaic (PV) Manufacturer.Sustainability,9(9), p.1496. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Heldman, K., 2018.PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley Sons. Kelley, R., LaPlante, P., Lyons, J., Barget, A., Bilich, R., DesJardins, E., Nee, B. and Nguyen, J., 2016. Burt Lake Watershed planning project: biological management plan. Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.327-340. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Patterson, J., 2017. MINING MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR EXPLORATION EL 24814 McARTHUR RIVER IRON-MANGANESE PROJECT. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Snyder, C.S., 2014. A guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK () guide.Project Management Institute: Newtown Square, PA, USA. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer, Cham. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

THE SORCERESS Essay Example For Students

THE SORCERESS Essay A monologue by Theocritus NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Theocritus. Trans. C. S. Calverley. London: Bell and Daldyl, 1869. SORCERESS: Where are the bay-leaves, Thestylis, and the charms?Fetch all; with fiery wool the caldron crown;Let glamour win me back my false lords heart!Twelve days the wretch hath not come nigh to me,Nor made enquiry if I die or live,Nor clamoured (oh unkindness!) at my door.Sure his swift fancy wanders otherwhere,The slave of Aphrodite and of Love.But Ill charm him now with charms.So shine out fair, O moon! To thee I singMy soft low song: to thee and HecateThe dweller in the shades, at whose approachEen the dogs quake, as on she moves through bloodAnd darkness and the barrows of the slain.All hail, dread Hecate: companion meUnto the end, and work me witcheriesPotent as Circe or Medea wrought,Or Perimede of the golden hair!Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.First we ignite the grain. Nay, pile it on:Where are thy wits flown, timorous Thestylis?Shall I be flouted, I, by such as thou?Pile, and still say, This pile is of his bones.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.De lphis racks me: I burn him in these bays.As, flame-enkindled, they lift up their voice,Blaze once, and not a trace is left behind:So waste his flesh to powder in yon fire!Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.Een as I melt, not uninspired, the wax,May Mindian Delphis melt this hour with love:And, swiftly as this brazen wheel whirls round,May Aphrodite whirl him to my door.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.Next burn the husks. Hells adamantine floorAnd aught that else stands firm can Artemis move.Thestylis, the hounds bay up and down the town:The goddess stands i the crossroads: sound the gongs.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.Hushed are the voices of the winds and seas;But O not hushed the voice of my despair.He burns my being up, who left me hereNo wife, no maiden, in my misery.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.Thrice I pour out; speak thrice, sweet mistress, thus:What face soeer hangs oer him be forgotClean as, in Dia, Theseus (legends say)Forg at his Ariadnes locks of love.Turn, magic, wheel, draw homeward him I love.The coltsfoot grows in Arcady, the weedThat drives the mountain-colts and swift mares wild.Like them may Delphis rave: so, maniac-wise,Race from his burnished brethren home to me.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.He lost this tassel from his robe; which IShred thus, and cast it on the raging flames.Ah baleful Love! why, like the marsh-born leech,Cling to my flesh, and drain my dark veins dry?Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love.From a crushed eft tomorrow he shall drinkDeath! But now, Thestylis, take these herbs and smearThat threshold oer, whereto at heart I clingStill, stillalbeit he thinks scorn of meAnd spit, and say, Tis Delphis bones I smear.Turn, magic wheel, draw homeward him I love. We will write a custom essay on THE SORCERESS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (Bethink thee, mistress Moon, whence came my love.)Scares, mischief-mad, the maiden from her bower,The bride from her warm couch. He spake: and I,A willing listener, sat, my hand in his,Among the cushions, and his cheek touched mine,Each hotter than its wont, and we discoursedIn soft low language. Need I prate to thee,Sweet Moon, of all we said and all we did?Till yesterday he found no fault with me,Nor I with him. But lo, to-day there camePhilistas motherhers who flutes to meWith her Melampos; just when up the skyGallop the mares that chariot rose-limbed Dawn:And divers tales she brought me, with the restHow Delphis loved, she knew not rightly whom:But this she knew; that of the rich wine, ayeHe poured to Love; and at the last had fled,To line, she deemed, the fair ones hall with flowers.Such was my visitors tale, and it was true:For thrice, nay four times, daily he would strollHither, leave here full oft his Dorian flask:Nowtis a fortnight since I saw his face.Doth he then treasure something sweet elsewhere?Am I forgot? Ill charm him now with charms.But let him try me more, and by the FatesHell soon be knocking at the gates of hell.Spells of such power are in this chest of mine,Learned, lady, from mine host in Palestine.

Blank 2 Essay

Blank 2 Essay Blank 2 Essay frontal lobe is the largest of the four lobes and occupies the upper forward half of each cerebral hemisphere, right behind your forehead. Involved with attention, personality, control of emotions and expression of emotional behaviour. -Higher order functions- Learning and memory -Decision making (making judgements)/reasoning -Planning -Movement -Language -Emotional control -Memory formation (primary motor cortex) Aphasia: Language disorder due to brain damage Damage to Broca's area also known as: Expressive aphasia Motor Aphasia non-fluent Aphasia primary motor cortex is specifically involved in controlling voluntary bodily movements through its control of skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles are attached directly to bones and include the hand, arm, leg, back and facial muscles. Your skeletal muscles are involved when you smile, wiggle your toes, nod your head and bend to sit in a chair. The motor areas receive and process information about voluntary bodily movements; that is, intentional movements such as when you scratch your nose or pick up a pen and write. Each frontal lobe has a motor area called the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex controls our movements by sending neural messages to various parts of the body to make them move in the required way. association areas of each lobe receive and combine information from more specialised areas (such as sensory and motor areas and areas that store memories), allowing us to undertake more complex cognitive (mental) processes such as perceiving, thinking, learning, remembering, reasoning and so on. Broca’s area has a crucial role in the production of articulate speech; that is, speech that is clear and fluent. Broca’s area is also linked to and interacts with areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved with the meaning of words and the structure of sentences, as well as the specific parts of speech such as adjectives, prepositions and conjunctions. parietal lobe in each hemisphere receives and processes sensory information from the body and skin senses (called somatosensory information) and other sensory areas in the brain. It also sends information to other areas of the brain. Recognition Processing sensory information Pressure, pain, and touch & bodily movement sensations Location of objects in space (spatial perception) Motion detection Damage: Inability to feel an object touching you eg. a glove Inability to recognise the object that is touching them or to understand what the object actually does. primary somatosensory cortex (also called the primary sensory area and primary sensory cortex) receives and processes sensory information from the skin and body, enabling us to perceive bodily sensations. This sensory information includes: touch pressure and temperature from sensory receptors in the skin information about muscle movement and the position of limbs from sensory receptors in the muscles, tendons and joints. Narrow strip of cortex that processes sensory information about touch, limb location, pressure, pain and temperature all over Occipital Lobe- Cortical Regions Primary Visual Cortex- This is the primary area of the brain responsible for sight. Temporal Lobe Main function: hearing-auditory processes- Information retrieval (memory formation) (hippocampus) -organisation/comprehension -aspects of visual perception (identifying objects and recognising faces) -Emotional responses to sensory information and memories. Wernicke's Aphasia -Language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood, and sentence formation may be inhibited or non-sensational Brainstem

The Most Common Loan Words in Japanese

The Most Common Loan Words in Japanese The Japanese language has borrowed many words from foreign countries, firstly from China as early as the Nara Period (710-794). Gairaigo (Ã¥ ¤â€"æ  ¥Ã¨ ªÅ¾) is the Japanese word for loan word or borrowed word. Many Chinese words were mixed into Japanese to the extent that they are no longer considered loan words. Most Chinese loan words are written in kanji and carry the Chinese reading (on-reading). Around the 17th century, the Japanese language began to borrow from many western languages. For example, from Portuguese, Dutch, German (especially from the field of medicine), French and Italian (not surprisingly many are from the fields of art, music, and food), and most of all, English. Today, English is the origin of most modern loan words.​ The Japanese use English words to express concepts for which they have no equivalents. However, some people simply prefer to use English expressions for practically or because it is fashionable. In fact, many loan words have existing synonyms in Japanese. For example, the Japanese word for business is shoubai 商å £ ², but the loan word bijinesu ãÆ'“ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¹ is also used. Another example is gyuunyuu 牛ä ¹ ³(Japanese word) and miruku ãÆ'ŸãÆ' «Ã£â€š ¯(loan word) for milk. Loan words are generally written in katakana, except the ones of Chinese origin. They are pronounced using Japanese pronunciation rules and Japanese syllables. Therefore, they end up quite different from the original pronunciation. This makes it hard to recognize the original foreign word. Many loan words are often abbreviated in ways they wouldnt get abbreviated in their original language. Examples of Loan Words Maiku ãÆ'žã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¯ microphoneSuupaa ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ¼ supermarketDepaato ãÆ'‡ãÆ'‘ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ - department storeBiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' « buildingIrasuto ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆ illustrationMeeku ãÆ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¯ make-upDaiya ãÆ'€ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¤ diamond Multiple words are also shortened, often to four syllables. Pasokon ãÆ'‘ã‚ ½Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ personal computerWaapuro ãÆ' ¯Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ­ word processorAmefuto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'•ãÆ'ˆ American footballPuroresu ãÆ'â€"ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹ professional wrestlingKonbini ã‚ ³Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'“ãÆ'‹ convenience storeEakon ã‚ ¨Ã£â€š ¢Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ air conditioningMasukomi ãÆ'žã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ'Ÿ mass media (from mass communication) A loan word can be generative. It may be combined with Japanese or other loanwords. Here are some examples. Shouene çÅ" Ã£â€š ¨Ã£Æ'  energy savingShokupan é £Å¸Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ³ loaf of breadKeitora è » ½Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' © light commercial truckNatsumero 㠁 ªÃ£  ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ­ a once-popular song Loan words are often combined into Japanese as nouns. When they are combined with suru, it changes the word into a verb. The verb suru (to do) has many extended uses. Doraibu suru ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ to driveKisu suru ã‚ ­Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ to kissNokku suru ãÆ'ŽãÆ'Æ'ã‚ ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ to knockTaipu suru ã‚ ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ to type There are also loan words that are actually made in Japan. For example, sarariiman ã‚ µÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ³(salary man) refers to someone whose income is salary base, generally the people work for corporations. Another example, naitaa ãÆ'Šã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼, comes from the English word night followed by ~er, means baseball games played at night. Common Loan Words Arubaito ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'ˆ part-time job (from German arbeit)Enjin ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¸Ã£Æ' ³ engineGamu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ'   chewing gumKamera ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' © cameraGarasu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹ glassKarendaa ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' ¼ calendarTerebi ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“ televisionHoteru ãÆ'݋Æ'†ãÆ' « hotelResutoran ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ restaurantTonneru ãÆ'ˆãÆ' ³Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' « tunnelMacchi ãÆ'žãÆ'Æ'ãÆ'  matchMishin ãÆ'Ÿã‚ ·Ã£Æ' ³ sewing machineRuuru ãÆ' «Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' « ruleReji ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¸ cash registerWaishatsu ãÆ' ¯Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'„ solid colored dress shirt (from white shirt)Baa ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼ barSutairu ã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' « styleSutoorii ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼ storySumaato ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ smartAidoru ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « idol, pop starAisukuriimu ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'   ice creamAnime ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ'‹ãÆ' ¡ animationAnkeeto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ±Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ questionnaire, survey (from French enquete)Baagen ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ²Ã£Æ' ³ a sale at store (from bargain)Bataa ãÆ' Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ butterBiiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' « beer (from Dutch bier)Booru pen ãÆ'Å"ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ'šãÆ' ³ ballpoint penDorama ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ'ž TV dramaErebeetaa ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ'™ãÆ' ¼Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ elevatorFurai ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤ deep fryingFuronto ãÆ'•ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ˆ the reception deskGomu ã‚ ´Ã£Æ'   rubber band (from Dutch gom)Handoru ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « handleHankachi ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ'  handkerchief Imeeji ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¸ imagejuusu ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹ juicekokku ã‚ ³Ã£Æ'Æ'ã‚ ¯ cook (from Dutch kok) Nationality is expressed by adding jin ä º º, which literally means person, after the country name. Amerika-jin ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã¤ º º AmericanItaria-jin ã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¢Ã¤ º º ItalianOranda-jin ã‚ ªÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۊ º º DutchKanada-jin ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۊ º º- CanadianSupein-jin ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'šã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã¤ º º SpanishDoitsu-jin ãÆ'‰ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ'„ä º º GermanyFuransu-jin ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã¤ º º French

Hershy's Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hershy's Strategic Planning - Essay Example This promotional strategy was the biggest marketing activity of the company which became one of its strongest core competencies. Other major competencies include its purchase of British candy maker Cadbury Schweppes PLC’s US business in 1988 and many other candy, pasta and ice-cream manufacturers in the United States. Continuous new product developments other than chocolate through acquisition of different confectionery product manufacturers in US have become its major core competency as well as a competitive advantage. Hershey has maintained the leadership position in the global chocolate industry through effective brand presence in sixty countries in the world. It has 43% market share in the chocolate market and 18% market share in the non chocolate candy market. The company is globally recognized by top brands like Hershey itself, Kisses, Kit Kat, Reese’s, Almond Joy, Twizzlers, York and Jolly Rancher. Hershey’s has retained 30% market in the global confection ery market that is near about double of its nearest competitor. Hershey’s has the opportunity to expand its areas of core competencies in other areas of its business which are: strong distribution channel through franchises, efficient management, product quality and many impressive brands. These can become its competitive advantage. The company exports its product to most of its foreign markets. So, it can manufacture in different countries to cut down the cost of distribution mainly to reduce the price which might be one of the competitive advantages to compete with the domestic brands of each foreign market. The Hershey’s brand is well popular for its quality and it needs to concentrate on low fat and calories product and also sugar free candies so as to attract a particular demographic segment of customers who do not enjoy chocolate because of health consciousness (Zhang, 2001, p.26). 2. Internal strategies The company’s internal strategies lie in different a reas of its business, like innovation in the product quality with respect to change in lifestyle and food consumption habits of the worldwide consumers. Also, an important strategy would be environmental free packaging as a way of taking on effective social responsibilities. ‘Hershey’s’ needs to concentrate on the quality differentiation of the existing products with respect to competitors’ product rather than focusing on the product differentiation. The brand has a market presence in more than sixty different markets in the world but they have to consider the similar taste and preference of the consumers. It needs to differentiate taste and preference with respect to consumer’s choice of each different location so that it can compete with the local players in foreign markets. Apart from categorizing product by geographic segmentation it also needs to concentrate on producing low fat and sugar free products to extend its target to a different segmen t of people who do not like chocolate and other confectionary product for health considerations. Most of the Hershey’s products have packaging that is not environmental friendly. The packaging is also one of the major criteria for the food products especially for the confectionary products. Although the brand have attractive packaging which is essential for promotion as well as being a quality indicator but they also need to

Membrane Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Membrane - Lab Report Example In animal cells, when the solute concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane, there will be no movement of water molecules. Solutions with this property are said to be isotonic. Hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentrations. When an animal cell is placed in this solution the water molecules will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink. On the other hand, placing an animal cell in hypotonic solutions will cause water molecules to move into the cell, causing it to swell. This is because hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentrations (Freeman, 2010). This forms the basis for the hypothesis of the study: the weights of the dialysis tubings with different solute concentrations will change, showing that osmosis is dependent on the concentration of the solute. Method: Six dialysis tubings were soaked for five minutes in a beaker containing 400 ml of water to soften them. One end of every tubing was tightly tied using floss. Two of the tubings were then each filled with 10 ml of water through the untied end. These were taken to be the control tubings. Two other tubings were each filled with 10 ml of 15% sucrose solution and two other with 10 ml of 45% sucrose solution in the same way as the control tubing. The untied ends on the tubings were tied using floss and then appropriately labeled. The weight of each tubing was measured and recorded. 150 ml of water was put in six separate beakers. The six tubings were then placed separately in the six beakers at the same time. After ten minutes, the dialysis tubings were removed from the beakers and their weights measured and recorded. They were then placed in the beakers again. This step was repeated three more times. Results: The weights recorded during the experiment indicated that the weights of the dialysis tubings with sucrose solutions increased as the experiment progressed as shown in the table below. The table also shows that the average weight of the control tubings changed by a small fract ion. Time (minutes) Average weight of water control tubings (grams) Average weight of tubings with 15% sucrose solution (grams) Average weight of tubings with 45% sucrose solution (grams) 0 10.8195 11.8140 13.3010 10 10.5075 12.1435 14.7325 20 10.4570 12.7600 16.4625 30 10.4345 13.3010 17.8905 40 10.3305 13.6795 19.2070 Table 1: Table showing the average weights of the tubings after ten-minute interval The percentage changes in weights of the tubings as their weights increased or reduced are shown below. The results show that the tubings with 45% sucrose gained the most weight while the control tubings reduced in weight. Time (minutes) % change in average weight of water control tubings % change in average weight of tubings with 15% sucrose solution % change in average weight of tubings with 45% sucrose solution 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 10 -2.884 2.789 16.762 20 -3.350 8.007 23.769 30 -3.558 12.587 34.505 40 -4.511 15.790 44.403 Table 2: Table showing the percentage change in weight of t he tubings after ten-minute intervals The data in the table was used to plot the graph below. It shows visually how the weight of the dialysis tubings changes over time. Figure 1: Graph showing changes in percentage weight changes of the tubings after ten-minute intervals. The x-axis represents the time in minutes and the y-axis represents the % weight change. Discussion: The experiment showed that as the concentration of sucrose increased, the mass of the dialysis tubings also increased. In the control tubing, the change in

Censorship of Electronic Communication Systems Essay Example for Free

Censorship of Electronic Communication Systems Essay Communication system of society is changing rapidly with the time. In ancient ages people use to communicate with shouting. If people are much more apart from one another the letter writing was the only means of communication just before 500 years. Due to rapid development of science, now a days a message can be passed to millions of people who all are scattered in whole world by a simple electronic communication system. Due to electronic communication devices true as well as false message can be spread to the people with in short time, this may cause negative impact on society and country. For shake of betterment sometime it is necessary to censor some of the news, ideas, books etc in the electronic communication. Electronic Communication. Every day, in our work and in our leisure time, we come in contact with and use a variety of modern communication systems and communication media, the most common being the telephone, radio, television, and the Internet. Through these media we are able to communicate (nearly) instantaneously with people on different continents, transact our daily business, and receive information about various developments and events of note that occur all around the world. Electronic mail and facsimile transmission have made it possible to rapidly communicate written messages across great distances. Facebook, twiter, Hi5, blogs, online radio, online newspaper etc are the easiest way to spread a news or rumor. Censorship. Censorship the control of the information and ideas circulated within a society has been a hallmark of dictatorships throughout history. In the 20th Century, censorship was achieved through the examination of books, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other forms of communication for the purpose of altering or suppressing ideas found to be objectionable or offensive. The rationales for censorship have varied, with some censors targeting material deemed to be indecent or obscene; heretical or blasphemous; or seditious or treasonous. Thus, ideas have been suppressed under the guise of protecting three basic social institutions: the family, the church, and the state. Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient as determined by a government, media outlet, or other controlling body. It can be done by governments and private organizations or by individuals who engage in self-censorship. It occurs in a variety of different contexts including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of reasons including national security, to control obscenity, child pornography, and hate speech, to protect children, to promote or restrict political or religious views, and to prevent slander and libel. It may or may not be legal. Many countries provide strong protections against censorship by law, but none of these protections are absolute and it is frequently necessary to balance conflicting rights in order to determine what can and cannot be censored. Example of Censorship: 1. Mobile network coverage was not allowed in Chittagong hill districts for insurgency problem. Insurgents and miscreants used to communicate with each other and operate against general people. 2. Censorship is also imposed on social media like facebook, tweeter, YouTube in many Muslim country like Syria, Pakistan , Bangladesh, Indonesia etc for protesting against disrespect to their beloved prophet. 3. People below 18 years are not allowed to watch or visit some of the adult site or web/books. 4. Recently in our country its one of the hot topic .Some blogger insulted our beloved prophet through the blog. To stop violation among people Bangldesh government stop some of the blogs. Benefits of Censorship It is evident that the hotly debated issue concerning media censorship is hardly started, especially in today’s ever changing media. With the ever changing medial rules and regulations, media authorities are always on their toes with regards to evaluating what is fit for publication or broadcast. This article aims at highlighting both the pros and cons of censorship. 1. National Issue: a. In present days a country involve in developing nuclear weapon impasses ban on telecasting or broadcasting any news regarding nuclear weapon subject. b. A scandal or spreading obnoxious picture of very high official of the country needs a immediate censorship on electronic midea. 2. Censorship on news: During martial law special censorship is done in print and electronic media. 3. Protects young children. The most obvious benefit of censorship includes radical regulations aimed at protecting children from obscene content. Moreover, media censorship help prevent hate speech and other organizations that spread hate ideologies. By filtering media content, parents are sure that their children are safe from obscene content. 4. Upholds social value Internet censorship, on the other hand suppresses the sharing of information to such an extent that some websites are not accessible. In fact, some countries from different parts of the world have installed internet/media censorship to help keep the values and tradition restored/ or alive. With that said, media censorship plays an essential role in safeguarding moral and social value in the society. 5. Protects against sexism and racism We are all familiar with the saying that our children are future leaders. Many folks have devoted their time to molding their children’s ‘’future’’. Since children learn from their peers and what they see on television, media censorship aims to protect them against sexism, racism and segregation. That way, children are raised well and with admirable social values.

Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use a process Essays

Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use a process costing system? Process costing system can be used in industries that produce essentially homogenous products on a continuous basis, such as bricks and paper. 2. In what ways are job-order and process costing similar? Job-order and process costing are similar in three ways that the book declares. One, both systems have the same basic purposes- to assign materials, labor, and overhead to products and to provide a mechanism for computing unit product costs. Second, both systems use the same basic manufacturing accounts, including Manufacturing Overhead, Raw Materials, Work In Process, and Finished Goods. Third, the flow of costs through the manufacturing accounts is basically the same in both systems. 3. Costing are accumulated by job-order costing system; how are cost accumulated in a process costing system? Under process costing, costs are accumulated by department, rather than by order, and assign these costs uniformly to all units that pass through the department during a period. 4. What two essential features characterize any processing department in a process costing system? The first feature is the activity performed in the processing department must be performed uniformly on all units passing through it. The second feature is the output of the processing department must be homogeneous. 5. Why is cost accumulation easier in a process costing department in a job-order ...

Interpersonal Communication Com 200

Communication in Interpersonal Relationships Benjamin M. Phelps COM 200 Mrs. Joyce Walther October 4, 2010 Communication in Interpersonal Relationships Today many people still lack the ability to communicate effectively with in interpersonal relationships. It is through cooperation and collaboration that effective communication occurs. By analyzing and studying the communication process we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication (Hybels & Weaver, 2007).Recognizing emotions in other is a very important first step to building a relationship. If you can’t feel what someone else is feeling then you can’t connect with them on a personal level and that can hinder your relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with anothe r person, we seek to gain information about them. We also give off information through a wide variety of verbal and non-verbal cues. Verbal communication has huge effects on many aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships.Speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for daily life. Verbal communication is organized by language; non-verbal communication is not. Most of us spend about 75 percent of our waking hours communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas to others (Allis, 2002). However, most of us fail to realize that a great deal of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposed to the oral and written forms. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups.It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep. In person-to-person communications our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously. If the nonverbal cue s and the spoken message are incongruous, the flow of communication is hindered. Right or wrong, the receiver of the communication tends to base the intentions of the sender on the non- verbal cues one receives. Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship they must decide what attracts them to that person.There are many factors that make up attraction to others. Physical attraction, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are some of them (Hybels, 2007). Most people are first attracted to others because of the way they look. Some people might have distinct characteristics that one might be attracted to such as; blues eyes, short hair, or even a small space between their teeth. If a person is not attracted to your appearance they are not likely to come up and carry on a conversation with you.For example, if an individual, who dislikes tattoos, is taking a class and has to choose a partner for a project, but there are only two people left an d one of them has tattoos he or she will mostly likely choose the individual without tattoos ,even    if the person with tattoos is a very intelligent individual. There are many cases where we are attracted to someone because of the perceived gain associated them for example, one might become friends with an employee at a restaurant in hope of having discounted meal when they eat there.The similarities and differences are a major factor in determining if the relationship will be right for you. Often we find ourselves attracted to people that share the same beliefs, values, and religion. Most people are also attracted to people who enjoy the same activities as they do. Contrary to the similarities people may also be attracted to the differences. For example, person who doesn’t like making decisions might be attracted to a strong decision maker.Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship (Hybels, 2007). Proximity is a valua ble factor also when it comes to evaluating the pros and cons of a relationship. Proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play (Hybels, 2007). If a person does not want to have a long distance romantic relationship and their partner moves away to attend college in another state, then it is most likely that the relationship will not last.Moving on to the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. We are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control and health (Hybels, 2007). If an individual is motivated by pleasure he or she might just want someone to go to the movies or discuss politics with. Maybe we might be motivated by affection; many people are looking for someone to give them attention; a â€Å"pat on the back† or a little kiss every now and then.Many marriages end in divorce bec ause of the lack of affection from their partner, but if they could have communicated effectively to each other that they needed more affection the relationship might not have ended. No matter what might motivate us, once we have started developing a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves we want to disclose to the relationship and at what point in the relationship. Self- disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone (Hybels, 2007).Self-disclosure is not simply providing information to another person. Instead, scholars define self-disclosure as sharing information with others that they would not normally know or discover (Borchers, 1999). Self-disclosure involves risk and vulnerability on the part of the person sharing the information. Self-disclosure performs many functions. It is also a way of gaining information about another person. We want to be able to predict the thoughts and actions of peop le we know. Self-disclosure is one way to learn about how another person thinks and feels.Once one person engages in self-disclosure, it is implied that the other person will also disclose personal information. Mutual disclosure deepens trust in the relationships and helps both people understand each other more. You also feel better about yourself and your relationship when the other person accepts what you tell them. While self disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it. A relationship can be damaged if the person you are pouring your soul out to do not like what they are hearing or if self-disclosure comes too early in a relationship it can be damaged.Thus, while self-disclosure is useful, it can also be damaging to a relationship. There are five different stages that we progress through while developing and strengthening our relationships, these are the â€Å"coming together† stages. No matter what type of relationship it is; romantic, platonic, or same gender relationship each kind still goes through each stages. The first stage is the initiating stage. The initiating stage is characterized by nervousness, caution, a bit of hesitation, and risk of being rejected (Hybels, 2007).Although one might proceed with caution, this stage can be very joyful experience and the outcomes can be great. Most people leave this stage with a new friend. The next stage is the experimenting stage. In this stage people make an effort to seek out common interest and experiences (Hybels, 2007). One might express a love for children and hopes of being a parent one day. This would be an important topic to discuss for a romantic relationship; each person needs to be aware of what the future might hold for them if they continue with the relationship.When experimenting with each other by discussing important topics and seeing the reactions of other, one can make a valid decision based on their knowledge of the other person to continue the relationship to the next stage. The intensifying stage is the third stage that we go through. Self-disclosure becomes more common in the intensifying stage. The relationship becomes less formal and statements are made about the level of commitment each has to the relationship. In this stage individuals might have nick names for one another or â€Å"inside jokes†.A statement about attending a vacation next summer in France is an example of the commitment one might have for the relationship. But while self-disclosure becomes more common and makes the relationship stronger it can also make the participants vulnerable to each other. The integrating stage is the fourth stage. This is the point where personalities are beginning to merge; people are expecting to see them together (Hybels, 2007). The individuals become a pair. They begin to do things together and, importantly, others come to see them as a pair.A shared relational identity also starts to form in this stage. By the end of this stage indi viduals should know how to communicate and responds with ease and understanding of the other person’s feelings. The final stage of coming together is the bonding stage. At this point, the participants make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them (Hybels, 2007). Two girls friends might say they are now â€Å"best friends† to announce their comment to their relationship or a couple might announce they are getting married or buying a house together.This stage involves a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make. We can either progress forward to the next stage, stay in the same stage we are in, move back a stage or exit the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle conflict or resolve conflict in our relationships.We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict (Hybels, 2007). Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result. For example if two sisters are fight over a dress to wear on the weekend, they have two choices: one wear the dress and the other one does not, which leaves one sister unhappy (negative outcome) or neither of them wear it, so both are satisfied and neither of them are jealous of the other (positive outcome).It also helps to take a positive approach to conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and non-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on issues rather than on individuals. If this is done, then, as long as people listen carefully and explore facts, issues and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. In short, interpersonal communication is just like any other works of life, it must be practiced and utilized regularly in order to be succe ssful. We must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships.   That will lead to better relationships which lead to a better life, both personally and professionally.References Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved September 25, 2010, from http://www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal- communication. html Borchers, T. (1999). Interpersonal Communication. Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved September 22, 2010, from http://www. abacon. com/commstudies/interpersonal/interpersonal. html Hybels, S. , & Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating Effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill

Japanese words for business

KaizenAdopted from Nipponese word, intending uninterrupted betterment, typically for fabrication and concern activities, and the use of kaizen besides depend on how it been interpreted. By utilizing kaizen at the position of concern and workplace, it normally refers to go on betterment to all maps of concern, high from the executives or direction degree, down to the assembly line operators. Kaizen aims to minimise the outgo of resources by bettering standardize activities and procedures.KanbanAdopted from Nipponese word, intending signboard or hoarding. It serves as a signaling system, and is usage to trip action at the assembly line or store floor. In early old ages, kanban utilizations cards, plastic markers and golf balls to signal the demand of points or floor location stock list is running low, this trigger supply, motions, production of a unit in mill. Kanban finally become a really effectual manner to back up the whole production system for running smooth. It besides good in a dvancing betterments by cut downing measure of kanban in circulation highlighted job countries.Six SigmaSix Sigma is a smarter manner to pull off a concern or a section. Six Sigma puts the client foremost and uses facts and informations to drive better solutions. Six Sigma attempts mark three chief countries: I ) Bettering client satisfaction two ) Reducing rhythm clip three ) Reducing defects Improvements in these countries normally represent dramatic cost salvaging to concerns, every bit good as chances to retain clients, capture new markets, and construct a repute for top-performing merchandise and services. Although it involves mensurating and analysing an organisation ‘s concern procedure, Six Sigma is non simply a quality enterprise ; it is a concern enterprise. Achieving the end of Six Sigma require more than little, incremental betterments ; it require discovery in every country of an operation. In statistical footings, making Six Sigma means that the procedure or merchandise will execute with about no defects.Just-In-Time ( JIT )An stock list scheme for better the net income return on the concern investing by diminishing in-process stock list and associated carrying costs. JIT relies on Kanban to function as an indicant signal to state production when to do the following portion. If it is implemented right, JIT can significantly better return of fabrication investing, quality, effectivity and efficiency. In JIT doctrine, stock list is waste and incurring cost, so the just-in-time stock list system focal point is holding the right stuff, at the right clip, at the right topographic point, and in the exact sum, without the safety cyberspace of stock list, this encourages concerns to extinguish stock list that does non counterbalance for fabricating procedure issues, and more emphasize to invariably better those procedures that require less stock list.Entire Quality Management ( TQM )Entire Quality Management is an sweetening to the traditional manner to making concern. It is proved technique to vouch endurance in universe category competition. Merely by altering the actions of direction will the civilization and actions of an full organisation be transformed. TQM is for the most portion common sense. By analysing the three words, Entire – Made up the whole. Quality – Degree of excellence a merchandise or service provides. Management – Act, art, or mode of handling, commanding, directing, etc. Therefore, TQM is the art of pull offing the whole to accomplish excellence. TQM is defined as both a doctrine and a set of steering rules that represent the foundation of a continuously bettering organisation. It is the application of quantitative methods and human resources to better all the procedures within an organisation and transcend client demands now and in the hereafter. TQM six basic constructs: 1. A committed and involved direction to supply long-run top-to-bottom organisation support. 2. An firm focal points on the client, both internally and externally. 3. Effective engagement and use of the full work force. 4. Continuous betterment of the concern and production procedure. 5. Treating provider as spouses. 6. Establish public presentation steps for the procedures. Computer Aided Process Planning Process planning of a portion or merchandise in fabrication, with the aided of computing machine engineering. It is closely link to CAD and CAM which provides informations and information for the planning of the procedure to be used to manufacture a designed portion. Procedure planning is finding the sequence flow of each fabricating operations that needed to bring forth a merchandise or portion. It is documented in a signifier of route sheet consist of listing of production operations and assigned or related machine tools for an assembly or work portion. CAPP is defines as the systematic finding of fabricating methods and operation inside informations by which parts can be produced economically and expeditiously from natural stuffs to complete merchandise. Two common types of system are -Variant/Retrieval System -Generative System A variant system retrieves a standard procedure program from a CAPP database and allows the contriver or applied scientist to modify it for the new portion. The database is organized by group engineering ( GT ) into households of parts with similar processing demands. A productive system uses a cognition base of regulations gathered from experts mechanics to make a single procedure program from abrasion. Initial Graphic Exchange Specification ( IGES )

william wordsworth and william blake

william wordsworth and william blake Free Online Research Papers William Wordsworth and William Blake: The use of light and dark imagery to create memory In the poem’s â€Å"Ode, Intimations of Immortality† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† by William Blake from Songs of Experience, the poets use light and dark imagery to give the audience a picture of life and, ultimately, death. The poems all have the idea of death in common but most importantly, both poets are able to enhance the reader’s experience by providing them with a real sense of place and emotion through their use of imagery. Not only do the authors interpret their senses into light versus darkness, they also use imagery of both to provide us with a way to comprehend the themes of life and death. All three poems have a common theme of how one’s memory can affect the way they perceive death and the afterlife. The use of light and dark imagery in all three poems are similar because they give a firm grasping of reminiscence, enlist the aid of light and dark imagery to show us death, and give th e readers a clear vision of the place the author is trying to describe. In all three of the selected poems there is a common thread wove amongst them of how a person thinks about the afterlife and in particular, heaven. In â€Å"Ode, Intimations on Immortality† Wordsworth writes, â€Å"Forebode not any severing of our loves! / Yet in my heart of hearts I feel your might† (Wordsworth XI, 2-3). In these lines and the ones that follow Wordsworth gives us a clear picture of what heaven is to him. It is a severing of one’s delights and loves, and â€Å"another race (that) hath been† (Wordsworth XI, 13). For William Blake, the idea of heaven is less subtle as he deals with it in a darker way. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† he writes, â€Å"Because I was happy upon the heath, / And smiled among the winter’s snow/ They clothed me in the clothes of death, / And taught me to sing the notes of woe† ( Blake 5-8). Blake’s description of the dark clothing and the songs of sadness represent death and the feelings o f the character about the way his life has been. Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† is similar in nature but reflects upon who is the Creator of the tyger that the author is talking about in the poem. The use of light and dark imagery within each of the three poems is profound. In Wordsworth’s poem especially there is a great use of this technique to describe the world that the author saw as a child and the world he grew up to experience. â€Å"The earth, and every common sight/ To me did seem/ appareled in celestial light, / the glory and the freshness of a dream† (Wordsworth I, 2-5). However, the author laments by the end of the poem that the world does not look so glorious anymore, the product of his impending end of life, describing how â€Å"The Clouds that gather round the setting sun/ Do take a sober colouring from an eye† (Wordsworth XI, 9-10). In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† it is the mood that takes on a darker tone, with the beginning saying, â€Å"A little black thing in the snow, / Crying ‘weep! Weep!’ in notes of woe!† (Blake I, 1-2). Descriptions of winter, snow, and â€Å"the clothes of death† finish out the dark tone, while â€Å"The Tyger† speaks of â€Å"When the stars threw down their spears/ And watered heaven with their tears† (Blake 13-14). The use of dark imagery in both comes through loud and clear. The use of light and dark enhances the mood of each poem and creates a very real vision of bleakness versus light, giving the reader a sense of place. In â€Å"The Tyger† especially there is a great deal of description that gives the reader a good sense of the jungle or woods where the poem is taking place. Blake writes, â€Å"Tyger! Tyger! burning bright/ In the forests of the night,/ What immortal hand or eye/ Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?†, giving the mood a fearful luster and using the image of a dark forest to create the place which he is trying to show the reader. In Wordsworths poem his descriptions of the fields, streams, and other places in the authors memory. â€Å"The winds come to me from the fields of sleep,/ And all the earth is gay,/ Land and sea/ Give themselves up to jollity† (Wordsworth 28-31). Each of the poems gives a clear picture of the place the authors imagined in their minds when they wrote the poems, by using light and dark imagery. The poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth all share the common factors of darkness, light, and reminiscence. What is important about these poems is that sense of time and place that is created through the use of dark and light imagery, and how it sets the tone for the poems. While each writer takes a different approach, the themes of life, death, and heaven are made inherently obvious through the use of imagery and color in the poems. They let us remember something along with the writers, whether it is a bleak memory or a fair one, and gives us a real sense of place. Blake, William. The Chimney Sweeper. About: Quotations. 23 Jan. 2007 . Blake, William. The Tyger From Songs of Experience. William Blake. 24 Jan. 2007 . Wordsworth, William. Ode: Intimations of Immortality. Bartleby. 23 Jan. 2007 . Research Papers on william wordsworth and william blakeMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnThree Concepts of PsychodynamicArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Whats the Minimum SAT Score for College

What's the Minimum SAT Score for College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for college applications can feel confusing, overwhelming, and demanding. If you’re nervous about the SAT (or college admissions in general), you may be worried about how low of a test score you can afford to get if you still want a shot at college. You might even be wondering how low of a score on the SAT is even possible. In this article I’ll discuss the lowest possible SAT score and why it’s unlikely to happen to you. I’ll also provide advice on determining the lowest SAT score you can get and still have a reasonable chance at a given school, and what that means in terms of choosing which schools to apply for and what score to aim for.Finally, I’ll discuss some things you can do if your score seems too low for any of the colleges you want to attend. What's the Lowest SAT Score You Can Get? The revised SAT is out of 1600 points. The Math section is worth up to 800 points, and the Reading and Writing tests combine into the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section for the other 800 possible points. The lowest possible score on either section is 200 points. So if you got 200 points on Math and 200 on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, you’d have 400 points. So the minimum SAT score is 400. For reference, an average score would be around 1000. 400 is the score you would get if you answered zero questions correctly on any of the tests, or if you just left your entire test blank and took a nap. Getting the lowest possible score is not a common occurrence! In previous years fewer people have gotten the lowest possible score in the SAT than have received perfect scores, so it is highly unlikely to happen to you. (Unless you really do leave every question blank, in which case it will definitely happen to you, sorry.) Cute dog. Terrible test-taking strategy. What SAT Score Would You Get if You Guessed Completely Randomly? To underscore how unlikely it is that you would get a 400 making a good faith effort on the SAT, let’s consider the approximate score you would be likely to get if you guessed completely randomly on every question. Multiple-choice questions on the SAT have 4 answer choices, so you have a 25% chance of guessing the correct answer. On the Math free-response questions, known as grid-ins, your chance of randomly guessing the correct answer is low enough that I’m going to round down to 0% and assume if you randomly guessed on those you would get them wrong. The Reading test has 52 questions. Guessing randomly, you could expect to get (.25) x 52 of them correct. That works out to 13. The Writing test has 44 questions. Guessing randomly, you could expect to get 11 of them correct (.25 x 44 = 11). The Math test has 45 multiple choice and 13 grid-ins. Assuming you get 0 points on the grid-ins, you could expect to get (.25) x 45 questions correct, which is about 11. We’ll based our approximate score calculations on theSample Scoring Guide for Practice Test 1. According to this sample scoring guide, 13 correct questions on Reading gives you a â€Å"Reading Test Score† of 19 (out of 40). 11 points on Writing gives you a â€Å"Writing Test Score† of 16 out of 40.Adding up the 19 on Reading and 11 on Writing gives you a 30 out of 80. If we multiply that by 10 we get 300 for the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section score, which is a good margin above the minimum of 200.For Math, 11 correct answers would give you a Math section score of approximately 340; well above the minimum of 200. If we add together the 340 from Math and the 300 from Evidence-Based Reading and Writing we get 640. Even guessing completely randomly and leaving all grid-ins blank, you would get over 200 points higher than the minimumSAT score. Random guessing: another dubious strategy. What's the Lowest SAT Score You Can Have and Still Get Into College? Beyond the lowest possible score, you may want to know what is the minimum SAT score for college admissions.The answer to that is that it depends- mostly on the college in question, but also to a certain extent on your other qualifications. In general, the more selective a school is, the higher your SAT scores will need to be for you to have a chance at admission. For a top-tier school like Harvard or MIT, you’ll need to break 1400 for a shot (and that would be a pretty low-end score for a selective school). For a selective public institution like University of Michigan, you’ll want to hit at least 1300. Less selective public institutions, as well as many small liberal arts colleges, regularly accept applicants in the 950-1050 range. (Note: these score numbers are based off the middle 50% of admitted students for these schools, converted from the old 2400-point SAT scale). Public universities in your state may also accept residents with scores on the lower end of the scale depending on their policies and your other qualifications. For example, for Texas residents, UT Austin guarantees admission to anyone in the top 7% of their graduating high school class, and there are other public Texas universities that assure admission for the top 10%. You may still need to submit test scores for these schools for placement purposes, but low scores won’t keep you from being admitted. Another thing to note is that specialty schools like art schools and music conservatories also often have lower SAT score expectations for their applicants, because student applications are much more heavily weighted towards things like portfolios and performance tapes. The truth is that it’s difficult to pinpoint the absolute lowest score you can get and still have a chance at a particular school because colleges and universities generally admit candidates along a range of test scores. However, you can get an idea. On their admissions websites, most schools provide the test score range for the 25th-75th percentiles of their own admitted student pool- the â€Å"middle 50%.† This is a reliable way to get a decent idea of what kind of score you need to get to be a viable candidate for admission. I would say a score a little below the 25th percentile (think 10 points) is the lowest score you can get and reasonably expect to have any sort of a chance at admission- and even with other strong parts in your application, that score would make the school a reach for you. By contrast, if your score is decently (50+) above the 75th percentile mark, you’re in a great position. Sample Middle 50% Ranges and Low/High Scores Low Score Middle 50% High Score 980 990-1190 1240 1120 1130 - 1260 1310 1190 1200-1360 1410 1290 1300-1430 1480 1310 1320-1470 1520 1360 1370-1520 1570 1390 1400-1580 1600 1420 1430-1590 1600 You might be thinking: if I have a score that’s just below the 25th percentile, doesn’t that mean that people with lower scores than me probably got in? Yes, it does. But there are always outliers- people who had other specific qualifications or strengths that the college was looking for in particular. No doubt you also have unique strengths and talents that you should emphasize in college applications! And if your dream school’s middle 50% is 1100-1300 and your score is 1020, by all means apply to it as a reach school, understanding that the rest of your application will need to be truly stellar for you to have a chance. You should never assume that you are going to be one of the outliers who gets in with an SAT score at the lowest conceivable end of the admit range. That’s why it’s important to apply to a variety of schools, where your score falls in different places relative to the middle 50% of admitted students. Buthow do you go about choosing schools to apply to based on your SAT score? The only choice more significant than where to apply to college is what gelato flavor to enjoy. Choosing Schools to Apply to Based on Your SAT Scores If you’re picking schools to apply to based on an SAT score, you’ll want some that are safety schools, some that are match schools, and some that are reach schools. What does this mean? Well, in general, a safety school is one where you exceed the usual criteria for admission, a match school is one where you meet the usual criteria for admission, and a reach school is one where you fall just under the usual criteria for admission. In terms of test scores and the middle 50% range, a safety school is one where your score well exceeds the middle 50% range (think 50+ points), a match school is one where you fall in within the middle 50%, preferably in the higher end, or just above, and a reach school is one where you fall in the bottom end or just below the middle 50%. Note that even if you got a perfect 1600, highly selective schools like Stanford, the Ivies, etc, are reach schools for everyone simply because admission is so competitive. Let’s go through an example. Say Lupita got a 1290 on her SAT. How should she consider her chances at the following schools she is interested in? Boston College – middle 50% range: 1300-1430 As Lupita’s score is just below the bottom of the mid-50% range for Boston College, we would consider this a reach school. She certainly has a shot at getting in, particularly if her other qualifications are on par with the school’s admits, but her scores would put her in the bottom 25% of admitted students. SUNY-Binghampton – middle 50% range: 1200 - 1360 With a 1290, Lupita is in the higher end of the middle 50% for this school. Assuming her other qualifications (GPA, etc) are similarly placed relative to other admits, this is a good match school for her. SUNY-Albany – middle 50% range: 1090-1240 With a score 50 points above this middle 50% range for SUNY-Albany, Lupita has a great chance of getting in (again, with the caveat that her other qualifications are similarly positioned). This is a good safety school for her. The University of Portland – middle 50% range of 1110-1280 Lupita’s score of 1290 is just 10 points above the middle 50% range for this school. Her score isn’t really high enough to consider the University of Portland a safety school, but this makes it a strong match for Lupita. Of course, there are other factors than test scores in choosing safety, match, and reach schools. Schools also usually provide information about the GPA and class ranks of their admitted students, so you’ll want to consider those factors as well. If you’re on the low end of the middle 50% in test scores, but way on the high end for GPA and class rank, it could be a match school.Unique talents or other interesting qualifications can also go a long way towards mitigating a test score that’s a little on the low end for a particular school. But what if you already have schools in mind, and you haven’t taken the SAT yet? How should you determine what score to aim for? Targets: not just for darts. Choosing a Goal SAT Score Based on Your Dream Schools If you haven’t taken the SAT yet, but you have some schools in mind, you can set a goal score for the SAT. The ideal target score is the highest 75th percentile score for the middle 50% of all the schools you are interested in. This way even if you fall a little short, you’ll still have a great shot at most of the schools on your list. First, you’ll want to make a list of the schools you are considering. Then,look up the middle 50% range of each of the remaining schools on your list. Write down the top number of the middle 50% - the 75th percentile - for each school. You can do this for total score, by section, or both- whatever is most useful for you. There are a couple caveats here: Since the new SAT was just rolled out, all middle 50% scores will be on the old 2400-point scale. You can convert the composite score to get a decent estimate(multiply it by 1600 and then divide that by 2400) but for section scores you can just ignore the writing section, or average critical reading and writing. Next year the data will be on the 1600-point scale and things will be simpler. Also, some schools don’t report all subscores and only resport total scores; this is just something be aware of. Finally, find the highest score in the list of 75th percentile scores. That’s your goal score!Let’s do an example. Say Diego is interested in the following schools: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Purdue University University of Chicago Notre Dame University Now we fill out our middle 50% table. (I’ve already converted scores to the 1600-point scale where necessary, and schools where reading and math subscores weren’t reported- in this case, all of them- get an n/a in those columns). Sample Chart: Diego's Target Score Name of College/ University SAT Reading 25th SAT Reading 75th SAT Math 25th SAT Math 75th SAT Composite 25th SAT Composite 75th University of Illinois (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1320 1470 Indiana University (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1100 1290 Purdue University (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1090 1300 University of Chicago (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1450 1550 Notre Dame (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1400 1530 Target Score: 1550 So, based on his list of schools, Diego’s goal score should be a 1550. If he can score (or beat!) a 1550, he’ll be in a great position. But even if he falls a little short and gets a 1530 or 1540, he'll be in a great position for most of the schools he is interested in. Diego climbing SAT mountain. You may want to use the following table to make your own list: Name of College/ University SAT Reading 25th SAT Reading 75th SAT Math 25th SAT Math 75th SAT Composite 25th SAT Composite 75th Target Score: This method will allow you to calculate a goal SAT score based on schools you are interested in.But what if you take the SAT and when your scores get back, it looks like every school you are interested in is a reach? What should you do then? Based on my SAT Score, Every School I'm Interested in Is a Reach! If you get your SAT scores back and they are a lot lower than you were aiming for, you may be concerned that every school you’re interested in is a reach. Here are seven strategies you could use to address this dilemma. Are you this kitty, stranded halfway up? Don't worry! Prep for the SAT and Take It Again You may have simply been been underprepared for the SAT. In this case, you will need to prepare rigorously and take it again. You might try a targeted, personalized test-prep program like ours, working with prep books (see this article for a guide to the best prep books for the revised SAT), and/or the College Board + Khan Academy SAT practice program. See our guide to the pros and cons of all prep methods. If you have a few months left before your college deadlines, taking the test again is probably your best bet. Take the ACT Instead The ACT and the SAT used to be quite different- enough that students would perform very differently on them. This isn’t as true anymore because the revised SAT is very similar to the ACT. However, if you are particularly scientifically literate, the fact that the ACT has an entire Science section score could help you. Other more minor differences may help you get a slightly higher score on the ACT if you are just hoping for a little boost. Evaluate if You Need Testing Accommodations If you feel you have underperformed on your SAT because you have a medical condition, learning disability, or psychiatric disorder, you may qualify for special testing accommodations. Especially if you are on an IEP or a 504 plan at your school, it is likely that you are both eligible for and would benefit from test accommodations. Bear in mind that this a time-consuming process so you need to request them early! Adjust Your Expectations If you score is too low for all the colleges on your list, look at some less selective colleges. 1350 may be too low for Johns Hopkins, but it’s a solid score for Boston University. There’s a huge universe of colleges out there, and there are probably less selective schools that have the things you are looking for. Apply to Schools That Accept Alternate Scores Some schools will accept AP Exam Scores or SAT Subject Test Scores in lieu of more traditional SAT or ACT exam scores. If you’ve already performed well on AP exams or you feel you could do well on particular Subject Tests, this could be a good strategy for you.Examples of schools that accept alternate tests include: Colorado College- Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. Colby College - Accepts 3 SAT Subject Tests in lieu of ACT/SAT. Middlebury College - Accepts 3 SAT Subject Tests in lieu of ACT/SAT. Hamilton College - Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. New York University - Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. See a more comprehensive list of test-optional and test-flexiblecolleges. Alternate testing schools are so alternative. Apply to Test-Optional Schools Still other colleges have implemented test-optional admissions. This means that, while you can send standardized test scores as a bonus or qualification with your application, they are not required. In this case, your GPA, course records, essay, recommendation letters, and other application materials will be the determining factors in your admission- not your test scores. Though a fairly newfangled notion in college admissions, several high-quality schools have implemented test-optional policies. This seems eminently reasonable in light of the fact that there are some courses of study where you may not take hardly any tests, and certainly not many long, grueling, marathon-style standardized ones. Test-optional schools are a particularly good strategy for applicants who are good students but poor standardized test takers. Schools that are test-optional include: Wake-Forest University, NC Bates College, Maine Wesleyan University, CT Bowdoin College, Maine American University, Washington DC Mt. Holyoke College, MA (women’s college) Sarah Lawrence College, NY (women’s college) Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania (women’s college) Smith College, MA (women’s college) See a more comprehensive list of test-optional and test-deemphazised colleges at Fairtest.org. Go to Community College Maybe your score is low enough that even if you lower your expectations, you’re worried there aren’t any schools that will accept you. But you can still pursue higher education! Most local community colleges are open to anyone in the area with a high school diploma or GED. You can start taking classes at a community college and then transfer to a 4-year university upon completion of your associate’s degree; your most recent transcripts in this case will be much more important than your standardized test scores. With these strategies, you’ll be sure to find a college solution that works for you even if your test scores don’t seem stellar. Key Takeaways The lowest possible SAT score is 400 on a 1600-point scale, but you’re very unlikely to get this score unless you leave every question on the test blank. How low your score can be for college applications depends on what colleges you are applying to. More selective schools will expect higher scores, while many local public universities and small liberal arts schools will accept scores on the lower end of the scale. There are colleges that accept low SAT scores. Based on your scores, you should select safety, match, and reach schools to apply to. If you haven’t taken the SAT yet, you can also figure out a goal score based on schools you are already interested in. If your score seems too low for any school you’re interested in, there are several things you could do: Retake the SAT Take the ACT Figure out if you need testing accommodations Apply to less selective schools Apply to test-alternative or test-optional schools Go to community college (a great option if you are worried that your scores are too low, period.) So what is the minimum SAT score for college? My final answer is that there’s really no SAT score too low for higher education- you may just need to take an alternative path to get there! There are lots of ways to get where you want to go! What's Next? Struggling with a low SAT score? We've got some tips on improving lower section scores forReading, Writing, and Math. If you have low standardized test scores but a high GPA, here are some prep strategies specifically for you. Looking for colleges? Here are colleges with guaranteed admissions thresholds for certain test scores.Or see our guide to researching colleges. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

USA Trade to Latin America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

USA Trade to Latin America - Research Paper Example Trade between the United States and Latin America grew to approximately 82 % between 1998 and 2009, more than the 52% with the European Union, 72% with Asia, and 64 % for the rest of the world, according to the Congressional Research Service (Hornbeck, 2011). Last year’s growth elevated trade between the United States, and the region to a historic high of $772 million (Weintraub, Rugman &Boyd, 2004). Exports to the region have grown by 22%, while imports reached increased to 20 percent. Growth in trade between the United States and the Latin America has traditionally been high. This is because of the high population of Hispanics living in the United States and Latin America’s proximity to the U.S. There are approximately over 50 million Hispanics living in the United States. Latin American countries have made prominent advancement in trade liberalization over the past three decades, reducing tariffs significantly and entering into multiple subregional agreements of their own. Countries such as Chile, Peru, Brazil and Colombia helped through their efforts to liberalize trade and become more competitive. Recently, Colombia and the United States signed a free-trade agreement. Early Latin American trade agreements (1960s) were inward looking, defensive in nature, exclusive of industrialized countries, and so minimally successful in leading to lasting regional integration and facilitating development. Agreements struck more recently, under the rubric of the â€Å"New Regionalism,† have gone farther, cultivated by the desire to integrate more fully, and by the growing belief, that trade liberalization can be a cornerstone for promoting structural reform, development, and international competitiveness. Historically, growth in U.S. trade with Latin America has outpaced that of all other regions, and over the last 15 years, the United States has signed reciprocal free trade agreements (FTAs) with 11 Latin American countries and implemented with nine of them. These include the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and bilateral FTAs with Peru and Chille. FTAs with Col ombia and Panama were signed but not implemented, as they awaited congressional action. Still, a number of large economies in South America are not part of U.S. FTAs. They have resisted a region wide agreement, the Free Trade Areas of the Americas (FTAA) because it represented an extension of the same trade model used by the United States in bilateral agreements. Many countries south of the Caribbean Basin have been hesitant in entering into such a deal because it does not meet their principal negotiation objectives. Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela do not rely on U.S. regional unilateral preferential arrangements (e.g., the Caribbean Basin Initiative or Andean Trade Preference Act), and would have to redefine their sub regional trade pacts). They are less compelled to capitulate to U.S. demands because they are far less dependent on the U.S. economy (Chauffor & Maur, 2011) On the other hand, Chile, which has long followed a policy differing from that of its neighbours, has signed t he Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) with Singapore, New Zealand and Brunei. The P4 came into force in May 2006. All party countries are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. The United States was to join the group as well, but has not yet done so. The US also